Enclosure of Mitochondria by Chloroplasts

Transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplasts

KEY WORDS post-translational transport precursor processing transit peptide organelle envelope. envelope receptors I. INTRODUCTION It has been well established that mitochondria and chloroplasts are not autonomous organeUes. These organelles are capable of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, but many soluble and membrane proteins that become localized in them are initially synthesized on cytopl...

Genetics and Biogenesis of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Why Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Contain Genomes

Chloroplasts and mitochondria originated as bacterial symbionts. The larger, host cells acquired genetic information from their prokaryotic guests by lateral gene transfer. The prokaryotically-derived genes of the eukaryotic cell nucleus now function to encode the great majority of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteins, as well as many proteins of the nucleus and cytosol. Genes are copied and ...

Lipid composition of plant mitochondria and of chloroplasts.

The mitochondrial lipids from avocado fruit, cauliflower buds, and potato tubers, and the lipids of chloroplasts isolated from avocado fruit and from cauliflower leaves were identified and the concentrations were determined. The lipid composition was compared with that of beef heart mitochondria. Phospholipids constituted 50-56% of total lipids in plant mitochondria while this fraction made up ...

Partitioning of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes into glyoxysomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts.

Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes catalyzing the oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate are highly active enzymes in mitochondria, in peroxisomes, in chloroplasts, and in the cytosol. Determination of the primary structure of the isoenzymes has disclosed that they are encoded in different nuclear genes. All three organelle-targeted malate dehydrogenases are synthesized with an amino terminal extensi...